darīts

tikko pārnācu mājās no zāles!
bij labi! šodien gan neko daudz nedarīju, nācu pēc 1h mājās,-
jāmācās!


eh..
pirms tam vēl nobeidzu Makbeta eseju. Domāju ka sanāca labi! (:
Pielieku, ja nu uznāk kāre palasīt! ;)

“Murders have been perform’d too terrible for the ear.” (3,4,77-78) Many things in the play Macbeth fulfill the play and make it more interesting and appealing. A significant matter is the amount of literary techniques that Shakespeare uses in the play. The ones that draw the most attention are imagery, irony and symbolism. These techniques do not only make the written work more captivating but also develop the theme. Imagery is often used to let the reader understand the setting and the illustration of the set. The reader seems to stay on focus because they feel irony that is present through out the play. This connects to symbolism. The third technique is harder to notice, however it can bee observed very well when the play is viewed closer. Shakespeare uses literary techniques to advance the plot and let the audience understand the significant details in the play.

In the play a large number of imageries are used to advance the plot and help the audience visualize a specific scene or part in the play. Imagery is used to describe something in detail using words to depict and create an image that appears in the minds of the audience. The play begins with a scene with witches. The imagery that is used during the first scene of the play makes a very powerful opening. “When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning or rain?” (1,1,1-2; First witch) This tells us that, as the play will go on, every time the witches are to be on the stage the atmosphere is going to be bad. It also paints a evil picture of the supernatural that is in this play. “I’ll give thee a wind.” (1,3,10; Second witch) Shakespeare has added this due to the reason that it was believed that the witches had control over winds. The audience is introduced to Macbeth as a good character, but soon after it was discovered that he has bad desire to become the king. Macbeth: “Let not light see my black and deep desires.” (1,5,51) Trough this example black and white imagery is well demonstrated. It visualizes that through white imagery Macbeth is shown as a processor of good characteristics, but the black side has invaded his mind and his actions. The night when the first murder is committed, it is dark, “The moon is down.” (2,1,2; Fleance) As the night progresses Macbeth sees his first hallucination before killing the king: “Is this a dagger which I see before me (..)?” (2,1,33) Act three begins. During the first murder that Macbeth did it was dark, so it is during this one. Banquo says: “It will be rain tonight.” (3,3,18) It can be suspected that the next murder too will be during a dim setting. Banquo is killed and Macbeth feel guilty for what he has done; thus, he has an other hallucination: “Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes which thou dost glare with.” (3,4,94-96) This gives the audience a very hidious, but good description of what the main character is observing. Later in the play the witches appear again and the main witch, Hecate, is presented. “My little spirit, see, sits in a foggy cloud, and stays for me.” (3,6,36-35) This illustrates the dark, frightening atmosphere. Act four begins with the supernatural. The description of the setting says: “An isolated place. Thunder.” The one that is reading the play automatically pictures the witches in rain. The very next event that occurs is that the family of Macduff is slaughtered though Macduff himself has left right before. The dark atmosphere is created when the son speaks to his mother. Soon the messenger comes to inform: “I doubt some danger close approach you nearly.” (4,2,64) As this is heard audience realize that the family is going to die. Imagery continues to charge the play. During the last act of the play it is dark again as the lead-in to the death of Lady Macbeth begins. “I have two nights watched with you.” (5,1,1; Doctor to Gentle woman) This, again, proves that the deaths occur during the night time. It makes the visual performance gloomier. There is a lot of evidence that Shakespeare has used imagery throughout the play to let others understand the real image that he has tried to create.

Not only Shakespeare uses strong imageries, he has also included a lot of necessary irony to establish the charm of the play. There are three types of irony. The first one is when there is a contradiction between the actual result of an event and the expected result. This is called situational irony. The second one is verbal irony – when the meaning of a speech is the opposite of what it is really expressing. The last one, and the one that Shakespeare uses the most striking is dramatic irony. It is when the audience or the reader is aware of something that a character or characters do not know. At the very beginning of the play audience clearly observe the demonstration of a foreshadow that eventually becomes a very ironic touch to the plot. Ross: “Assisted by that most disloyal traitor, the Thane of Cawdor, began a dismal conflict.” (1,2,52-53) Ross tells that the one who was thane of Cawdor before Macbeth was a traitor. By the time when Macbeth kills Duncan we know that Macbeth is an abject traitor as well. By the end of act one, the audience is aware of Macbeth’s plan to kill the king. A dramatic irony is present when Duncan enters Dunsanine: “The castle has a pleasant seat.” (1,6,1) Macbeth is not present at the time and Duncan asks for his presence. “Conduct me to mine host: we love him highly and shall continue our graces towards him.” (1,6,1; Duncan) This is made even more ironic by the fact that at the very same time, Macbeth is struggling with the idea of killing Duncan. The same irony is used during act three, when Banquo is murdered. At the start of the scene, Banquo meets Macbeth for the last time and is expressing high honour to the king: “Let your highness command upon me, to the which my duties Are with a most indissoluble tie forever knit.” (3,1,15-18). At the end of the same scene Macbeth orders Banquo’s death: “Our fear is Banquo.” (3,1,50) Hamartia, error in judgement, of Macbeth leads to death of Lady Macbeth. When Macbeth finds out that his wife has died he says: “Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player (..) It is a trail Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.” (5, 5, 23 and 26-28) here Macbeth explains that there is no point to live, while the message of the play is exactly the opposite. This is a clear example of situational irony. In the end, it is quite obvious that Macbeth is the villain and that he is going to fall. Even with all the evidence, Macbeth still thinks that he has a chance to succeed this fight even though there are a thousand troops approaching. The other evidence was that someone who is not born of a woman will kill Macbeth. “Macduff was from his mother’s womb ultimately rippe’d.” (5,8,15-16; Macduff) Macbeth, the king, is still not giving up his hopes: “Yet I will try the last.” (5,8,32) Shortly after this, Macbeth does fall by the hand of Macduff. These were the brightest of the ironies that were in the play Macbeth that kept audience’s attention.

In Macbeth symbolism helps to maintain the tact of the play. A symbolism is when a specific object, character, action, setting or image has its own meaning, but at the same time it represents an abstract idea. The very first symbolism is that the sun represents Duncan. When Lady Macbeth and Macbeth plan the Murder of Duncan, Lady says: “O never shall sun that narrow see.” (1,5,59-60); and the sun is not present at the time when Duncan is stabbed. Banquo: “Their candles are all out.” (2,1,5) Here Macbeth best friend tells us that even the stars are not present. This helps to develop the theme of good and evil in this play. Another example is that the witches represent the evil that abides in Macbeth. Act two begins with many specific uses of animals as symbols. Macbeth: “Alarum’d by his sentinel, the wolf (..) Tarquin’s ravishing strides.” (2,1, 53 and 55) The wolf symbolizes the murder of Duncan, evil and death. In act two, scene two, Lady Macbeth is waiting for her husband: “It was the owl that shriek’d, the fatal bellman Which gives the stern’st good-night.” (2,2,3-4) All the birds that she mentions are birds of the night The bellman is like the messenger that announces death of Duncan; while the hoot of the owl stands for the death it self. “I heard the owl scream and the cricket’s cry.” (2,2,15) From the same scene, the next symbolism emerges. As Macbeth shows up with the two bloody daggers, Lady Macbeth orders to bring them back, but he is no more able to do it: “I’ll go no more. I am afraid to thine what I have done.” (2,2,53-54) The audience gets to know that blood symbolizes the guilt and shame that the two of them have, because of the act they committed. At the same time water is the opposite of this situation. It symbolizes the cleaning, not of hands, but of guilt, to make it go away. Lady Macbeth: “Go get some water and wash this filthy witness from your hand.” (2,2,49-50) Macbeth is perplexed: “Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No (..).” (2,2,63-64) Later in the play Macbeth mentions the death of Duncan as a reference to the fact that he is doing the wrong thing and he is attacked by guilt. “The gracious Duncan have I murder’d, Put rancours in the vessel of my peace.” (3,1,67-68) At this time he is planning his next atrocity – murder of Banquo. Symbolizm of blood is mentioned again later in the play. Macbeth: “Blood thath been shed ere now. (..) Murders have been perform’d too terrible for the ear.” (3,4,75 1 and 77-78). This is said during the banquet when Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo.At the same time the ghost of Banquo represents the guilt that Macbeth feels for killing his best friend: “Avaunt and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee!” (3,4,93) Macbeth wants this feeling of guilt to vanish. Guilt grows even more at the first scene of act five. Lady Macbeth is talking to her self, “Out, damned spot! Out I say! (..) Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him.” (5,1,31 and 34-36) Here symbolism of blood emerges again; and guilt about the murder of Duncan. In the same scene, Lady Macbeth: “Wash your hands, put on your high-gown, look not so pale.” (5,1,54) She feels guilty again; She wants it to go away by using water. Throughout the play, all the evil events happen during the night and bad weather. For example, the night when Lady Macbeth dies, it is very dark and frightening; the only light that is seen is the candle that Lady Macbeth is holding. It represents the fact that she is afraid of the dark, the evil and the death. It shows the true face of her character. The mood in the second scene and the last scene is very light. Second scene of the play isa battle scene, but King Duncan has gained victory thanks to Macbeth. He is honoured with the Thane of Cawdor. In the last scene of the play Macbeth, where the good finally gains the control over chaos, the mood is very nice, pleasant, and victorious. All the positive characters in one scene represent that order is restored.

Play Macbeth is full of literary devices. Shakespeare has found lots of places where to use them along the story line. The literary techniques make the play more interesting. Three strongest devices are imagery, irony and symbolism. Imagery is used to create an over thought picture of the set. Irony is used to better understand the themes of the play. Last, symbolism helps to maintain the tact of the work. It is easy to attach to this play because the meaning of it is told by the use of literary devices in a very pleasant and clear way.